Printers

Printers or the Printing Devices for the Personal Computers have different types like it may be Ink Jet Printers or may the Laser Printers. Both types have different technology for the Printing .The Inkjet printers use the inks in their Cartridges where as Laser Printers use Toner Powder for the printing purpose.

In early ages when some one needed to print a color output then a Ink jet printer was required as Ink jet printers were available in Color printing options.Other Color Printers of Laser quality were also there but these were very expensive.

In case Black printing is required then you have two options,that are, you can use Inkjet Printers or you can use Laser Printers.If you concerned with cost of ownership then Inkjet Printers will be fine but if you are concerned with the cost of usage it is true that the Inkjet printers are not good,that is why market for Laser Printers is catching fire.

So if the Black Printing is required then Laser will be a good choice ,but if Color printing is required then Inkjet Printer will be a good choice.

Low Frequency Verses High Frequency UPS

Purchase of Uninteruptable Power(UPS) Supply is very tricky.There are many topologies for the UPS like Off Line , Line Interactive and ON line UPS. When you go beyond 5000VA ,Line Interactive UPS does not suit you due its high price , and if you are going to purchase UPS below 750 VA ,it is not recomended to buy ON line UPS.

It means that if you want to purchase UPS below 750 VA you may go for OFF Line UPS .

Before making any decision about UPS topology, it is important to understand the requirements of the equipment to be protected and the environment in which the UPS will be installed. After undersatnding these basic requirements you can decide which UPS topology will be the best that serve the application.

In ON Line UPS size of the UPS’s transformers may be different for High and Low frequency for example for a 5 kVA UPS, a low frequency transformer weighs about 130 lbs.
The same transformer operating at a higher frequency, weighs may be only 9 lbs., which the size and weight of the UPS substantially.

Un Interruptible Power Supply

Un Interruptible Power Supply or simply UPS, are now the essential part of the daily life in the countries where Power Failure is very common. In the beginning the UPS were very expensive so they were used only with the very expensive equipment which requires continuous supply of power. As the UPS became cheaper its usage expanded and they became an essential piece of equipment for Data Centers and Business Computers UPS are also being used now with Personal Computers, Entertainment systems etc etc.

The size of UPS depends upon its capacity ,the capacity can be from 200 VA to many Hundered VA. Normally UPS are used with Dry Batteries but it depends on the user .Dry Batteries are used in it as they are maintenance free and no harmful fumes comes out of it. When wet batteries are used with UPS ,it must be understood that these wet batteries require maintenance and these are harmful for the health of humans when they are placed inside the room due to their harmful fumes.
By type they can be Off Line ,On Line and Line Interactive.Off Line UPS are normally cheap in price.

Computer Hard Discs

The storage of the data is a very critical task. Different medias are used for the storage of data like Floppy discs,Hard discs,Writable CDs, Writeable DVDS,Tape Drives ,DAT Drives etc. Hard discs or Hard Disc Drives or simply HDD were introduced in IBM Machines in 1956.

Now a Days HDD are also used in Digital Video Recorders , Digital Audio Players and ,Digital Cameras .It was 2005 when SAMSUNG AND Nokia used Hard Discs in Mobile Phones . To secure Data on Networks NAS (Network Attached Storage ) and SAN ( Storage Area Network ) Hard discs are used.

When you talk about form factor of HDD ,it means the size of the hard disc ,there are many sizes like in 1979 the size was 8 Inches ,then in 1980 Seagate introduced 5.25 Inches HDDs .In 1984 3.5 Inch Hard Drive was introduced . 2.5 Inch HDD was introduced by PrairieTek in 1988. Then for Digital Audio Players 1.8 Inch Hard Disc was introduced . Now a Days the smallest form factor is 0.85 Inch used for Mobile Phones.

Media

Media has different styles, one may say,like Media can be Print Media or Electronic Media etc etc. Computers also played a very important role in the Media as in early ages it was very difficult for the publisher to print any News and Information that was required to be distributed among people .

The editing was not an easy job if you compare it to todays print media.Printable material is very easy to edit now a days and all the printing is obtained in a specific font size that is required.

that all is due to the advancement in the field of electronic media.

This electronic media played an important role when Radio and TV stations started there comunications for the public.Then a step was taken forwad when the Satellite were sent into the space.

Then it was the time when stalite tramissions were started.On satellite many types of programs were available for the people,these were News and Entertainment programs.

Games and Children

Many Children love to play video games. Home video games are extremely popular now a days. Many of American homes have computerized game systems connected to the television. With hundreds of selections available, video games are currently the most popular toy in America Every day the number of 6- to 16-year-olds playing video games increases.
These games have some advantages and some disadvantages .

Advantages may include
A Child become familiar with Computer based games,
He may have better coordination between eye and hand.
His intelligence may increase.

But there are some disadvantages also that are
- Children may become violent.

- exposure to explicit language

-high level of usage can cause trauma to developing bones and muscles (repetitive actions)

- Bad effect on eyes while sitting in front of a TV screen or monitor over a long period of time

- many parents are unaware of what their children are playing.

- Children don’t care about family activities.

- it can cause addiction .

- it can distract children from more productive activities.

LCDs &CRTs

In the beginning people were useing CRT Monitors that at that time comes with Black&white ,Green or amber display.Then Color Monitors,EGA Color Monitor,and the VGA Clor Monitors came.Then LCDs were being introduced.One may ask why should he buy a LCD not the CRT Monitor where CRTs are cheap as compared with LCDs .Well we have the answer for this ,one may buy LCDs because,

Brightness
The LCD monitor has a better brightness ,since an LCD acts like a shutter, it can be made brighter by increasing the brightness of the backlight. However, when the beam current of a CRT is increased to boost brightness, the beam spot size also increases, which lowers effective resolution and may yield a soft or fuzzy image.No flickerThere is no flicker on an LCD display because, while a CRT must be refreshed, the LCD has a constant source of light over the whole screen. Once a pixel is on, it stays on until turned off.
Focus
In contrast, an LCD has millions of pixels, each one effectively independent from its neighbor, with no scanning electron beam, so distortion problems are negligible. The image is always perfectly "focused" over the entire screen.
Power consumption
LCD consumes less power as compared with CRTs that is about one-third of that required for a CRT with the same screen area. In addition, the amount of heat generated by an LCD monitor is considerably less than a CRT monitor. And, if an LCD monitor is used with an uninterruptible power supply, the lower power required provides precious extra minutes to store critical data and shut down gracefully in the event of a power failure.These power-saving features of LCDs reduce the total cost of ownership.
Low emissions
An LCD is essentially emission-free, while a CRT monitor can generate electric, magnetic and even X-ray emissions due to the high-voltage power supply necessary to drive the CRT. An LCD causes no electromagnetic interference.

Computer and Frustration

Frustration is emotional response of a person when he fails to achieve the target .A computer user becomes frustrated when he/she is not able to get the maximum output from the computer .

Computer Technology is also creating frustration as this technology is now common in our lives. Because modern computing is marketed as user-friendly, it can be extremely frustrating when one cannot achieve a goal due in part to a software or hardware error, and because the user-friendly aspect is removed, many people find themselves unable to come to terms with their lack of options.

Manager are required to handle the frustrated person very carefully ,he must listen to the frustrated person with understanding to decrease his frustration level.

Appropriate behavior from the fellow workers , in turn, reduces the inner tensions that signal the motivated state. An understanding of the relationships among motives, behavior, and human goals provides the manager, administrator, or leader ,will help them minimize the behavioral problems

Computers in Space

NASA was founded in 1957 for the space activities,and at that time Computer was a huge machine full of valves . To take computers in space at that time was very funny and espacially if the space ship is without man as the service people were required to to cool down that Computers.

In 1976 viking used the 1802s in spce were built using Silicon-on-Sapphire which was much more stable in a radiation environment.

In 1981 the Space shuttle uses the APA-101S computer (5 of them for redundancy). They run at about 1.2MIPS and still use a couple megs of ferrite core memory (which is impervious to radiation). The entire control software for the shuttle is less then one meg. The new glass cockpit in the shuttle runs on Intel 80386s.

Now a days the RAD6000 is becoming very popular for space applications.

The versatility of the RAD6000 is demonstrated in the variety of past and current application configurations available,including packaging options,architecture variations,memory
configurations,and I/O selections.

Computers in Business

In the start Computers were not being used in Business but only used by the military ,and for military use the Computers were invented between 1940 to 1950 .Military used the Computers in war.After the war was over they were used in limited activities like for the cencus or to feed the data of the finances.

In 1951 the first Business Computer was introduced by the name of UNIVAC1,and with the help of this Computer the census of United States of America was performed.UNIVAC1 was the creation of John Mauchly & J.Eckert.Later both the scientists founded thier Corporation named the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation.

When you turn to UK ,the first Computer was introduced in 1953 called the Lyon Electronic Office computers, or LEO for short. A restaraunt company used the LEO for their accounting.

The computer cards were being used in Computers at that time to put programs into computers. It would take one card just to execute a few simple commands. You can only imagine how long it took to put a whole program onto a computer.

Computers in Entertainment

When you watch Titanic ,Godzilla ,Spiderman , Batmanor the Harry Potter ,you became hipnotised from begining upto the end of the movie.People rush to such movies due to their animation due to which every thing looks so real .

All of these animations are due to Computer based animations.Compter experts creat the animation so close to real world that people fell while watching movies that they are facing them in real world.

The use of Computer animation was started in Late 1970's . For the last few years, computer animated motion pictures have been hits at the box office. Movies like Toy Story, Captain Nemo, and Shrek were very popular among audiences. As computer animation technology starts to get faster and seasoned animation veterans begin to develop processes to make full length computer animation more efficient, animation studios are planning to increase their movie output. This is great for those looking for jobs in computer animation.

Currently, principal computer animators are generally paid around $175,000 annually. Now that there are 25-30 new computer animated motion pictures scheduled for release in 2007, a huge jump from the previous year, animation salaries are expected to rise even higher and faster than ever.

There are many Institutions around the world that are preparing man power for Computer Animation for the world.

Computer in Fashion Designing

The use of computer created a revolution in the industry of Fashion and Textile designing.Now computers are being used to make different design patterns and also to control the looms through special softwares.In 1983 ALV Looms tried its software, with the help of this software that was run on a Personal Computer ,the created different patterns and to use to weave samples of these on Compter screens demostrated in Milan's International Textile Machinery Association trade fair.

In Pakistan there are many Institutions ,controlled by Government and Private Sectors that are giving students the education in Textile designing and Fashion designing .Students are learning the skills in a very modern way and feel satisfied.

Many of the Data regading the Fashion can be demonstrated and illustrated through Computer Networks connected with Webs.

Designer may not need the Designed Cloths and matterial with him but he just carry the Laptop to show its Creation.

Computers in Children Education

If some one ask me about by schooling,I will say its boring enough and I dont want that period come again.Why,yes this is the question , that every parent want to know.It is simple because in school , children are taught in a very conventional way ,they are given the books,teacher read the book and then period is finished.Some times teacher write on the board available in front of children.

It is so offen that some times teacher say a word ,but is not able to show pictures of it and so it becomes hard for the students to grasp this word.

It will be very playful to learn if teachers prepare the slide shows for the children in computer so that they may see all the knowledge visible ,which will enable the student to learn it by heart.

And also students must be encouraged to use computer to explore the information available ,but this must be done under the guidance of teacher.

Some time the children use the computer only for the games that is not a good habbit as this thing may waste not only their time but also become violent if use games having violance in it.

Computers in Health

In early ages the Phisicain were not using Computers in the Medical field,but now a days Doctors are using Computers to store the Database of the patient. Database can include Patiant's Profile that includes Name ,Address and the history of Patient.

History of the patiant means his illness history ,that is he is suffering from the specific desease from how much time , what sort of Medicine he had taken , what were the result of that Madicine .

These type of information helps the Doctors to take right time decisions about the cure of desease and for the betterment of the patient.There must be one precaution when the data of the Patient is being saved that that person who is entering the data, should be qualified enough so that no mistake be done.

When Computers were used in Hospitals for the storage of patiants data ,it not only saved the time of the Medical staff ,but also help the Researchers to take the advatage of that data to make new Medicine .

Computers Today

Today a lot of people are switching from manual entries to computer enteries .In old days people feel fear to come near to computers as they thought this is very expensive machine and if some tries to touch it without knowledge it will distruct the computer machine and then he will have to pay it.

Today people are more aware of Computers. They know the problems in the Compters may be fixed,also now a days Compters are cheap .

We must thank to the new technology that makes the cheap manufaturing possible, two decades back the 4.77 MHz machine was of $300,now a hundred times better a 4 Ghz machine costs only $600 .Also the Computer manufactures located the Countries where the Labour was Cheap to get the manufacturing cost down .

Also in old days the users were limited so the cost of manufaturing was high as the computers were not being made in huge quantity.